Waimangu geyser, c. 1903-04 (Alexander Turnbull Library, 1/2-038135-F) www.nzhistory,govt.nz

A Brief History of Rotorua, New Zealand

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Rotorua's history is deeply intertwined with Māori culture, dating back to the 14th century when the Te Arawa people settled in the area. According to legend, Rotorua was discovered by Ihenga, a Te Arawa chief, who followed his hunting dog to a large body of water, which he named Rotorua, or "second lake," in honour of his uncle. This area quickly became significant to the Te Arawa people, who established villages along the shores of Lake Rotorua and surrounding geothermal landscapes.

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Rotorua later gained prominence as a Māori cultural hub, with early Māori tourism playing a key role in the region's growth. In the mid-19th century, Māori guides began sharing the geothermal wonders of the area, such as the now-lost Pink and White Terraces, with European visitors. These guides, especially women from the Tūhourangi and Ngāti Wāhiao iwi, were renowned for their skills and knowledge, bridging cultures through storytelling and guided tours.

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The region is also known for its powerful legends, such as that of Hinemoa and Tutanekai, a tale of love that has become part of the local identity. The hot springs on Mokoia Island, where Hinemoa swam to meet her love, remain a cherished part of Rotorua’s heritage today. Another legend, associated with Kuirau Park, tells of a Taniwha that was destroyed when the gods boiled the lake to avenge its capture of a local woman, Kuirau, lending the park its name and adding to the area’s mystique.

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Over time, Rotorua evolved into a spa town and later a center for Māori arts and crafts. Today, visitors can experience traditional Māori culture at places like Whakarewarewa Village and Te Puia, where they can witness authentic cultural performances, learn about Māori carving and weaving, and explore the unique geothermal features that continue to shape the area's identity. Rotorua remains one of New Zealand's premier destinations, offering a rich blend of history, culture, and natural beauty.